01 - Bring a large pot of salted water to a rolling boil. Add the short pasta and cook according to package directions until al dente. Drain well, rinse under cold running water to halt cooking, and set aside to cool completely.
02 - If using fresh corn, heat a grill or cast-iron skillet over high heat. Place the ears directly on the grate or surface and char, turning every couple of minutes, until the kernels are lightly blackened in spots, about 5–7 minutes. Slice the kernels off the cobs. If using frozen corn, thaw completely, then pan-sear in a hot skillet with a light drizzle of oil until golden and smoky, roughly 4–5 minutes.
03 - In a large mixing bowl, toss together the cooled pasta, charred corn kernels, halved cherry tomatoes, diced red onion, chopped cilantro, and jalapeño (if using). Stir gently to distribute the ingredients evenly.
04 - In a separate small bowl, whisk together the mayonnaise, sour cream (or Greek yogurt), lime juice, smoked paprika, chili powder, kosher salt, and black pepper until smooth and well blended.
05 - Pour the prepared dressing over the pasta mixture. Toss gently, ensuring every component is evenly coated without breaking up the pasta or tomatoes.
06 - Add the crumbled cotija cheese to the bowl and fold it through the salad with a few light strokes so it is distributed but still retains some texture.
07 - Transfer the salad to a serving bowl or platter. Scatter the additional chopped cilantro over the top and arrange lime wedges around the edge. Serve chilled or at room temperature.